Symptoms of PCOS

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine disorder that affects between 6 and 12% of women of reproductive age. It is a hormonal imbalance that can disrupt the normal function of the ovaries, as well as many other aspects of a woman's health.

We therefore have about a 1 in 10 chance of being affected. That's why it's important to know how to recognize the symptoms. PCOS is often characterized by irregular menstrual cycles, a tendency toward hyperandrogenism—that is, a high production of male hormones—and, of course, those famous polycystic ovaries that give the disease its name. But this clinical picture can vary considerably, affecting each woman differently, with a spectrum of symptoms that goes well beyond these classic manifestations.

In this article, we list the 7 most recurring symptoms of PCOS!

Quick reminder: where does PCOS come from?

Even today, the causes of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are not clearly understood. However, several key factors appear to play a role in its development:

• Hormonal imbalance: Women with PCOS typically have high levels of androgens (male hormones), which can lead to symptoms such as excessive hair growth, acne, and menstrual irregularities.
• Insulin resistance: Insulin is the hormone that regulates blood sugar. This insulin resistance can lead to high blood insulin levels, which can increase androgen production and worsen PCOS symptoms.
• Chronic inflammation: Studies have shown that women with PCOS often have inflammation. This inflammation may contribute to insulin resistance and excessive androgen production.
• Genetic factors: PCOS appears to have a hereditary component. Women who have mothers or sisters with PCOS are more likely to develop the condition themselves.
• Environmental and lifestyle factors: Factors such as obesity, lack of exercise, and an unbalanced diet can worsen PCOS symptoms and contribute to its onset.

1. Menstrual irregularities

One of the most common symptoms of PCOS is irregularities in the menstrual cycle. It becomes unpredictable . In a “normal” cycle, the ovary releases an egg each month: ovulation . But with PCOS, this mechanism is often disrupted due to a hormonal imbalance : the body produces more androgens than usual, which can prevent ovulation.

The menstrual cycle can therefore be disrupted . And it's not just a matter of inconvenience. This irregularity can have more serious consequences, such as endometrial hyperplasia . In the absence of ovulation, the endometrium continues to thicken, which can, in the long term, cause problems.

Fortunately, there are treatments available to help regulate these erratic cycles. Options range from oral contraceptives, which help stabilize hormone levels, to specific medications that encourage the body to maintain a more regular cycle. This is a conversation you should have with a doctor, who can guide you toward the best solution for your unique situation.

2. Infertility

As we've just seen, this syndrome can disrupt the ovulation process, which is essential for conception. In an ideal scenario, ovulation is the key moment when an egg is released and ready for fertilization. But with PCOS, this process can be interrupted, making the meeting of egg and sperm less frequent, and therefore, pregnancy more difficult to achieve.

There are a variety of treatments available to counter the effects of PCOS on fertility. Some medications, such as clomiphene citrate, can stimulate ovulation and encourage the ovaries to resume a more regular egg production rhythm. In some cases, if medications aren't enough, more advanced procedures such as gonadotropin injections or laparoscopic surgery can improve the chances of ovulation.

And for those who need a little extra help, there are assisted reproductive technologies (ART) . In vitro fertilization (IVF), for example, can help by removing eggs directly from the ovaries and fertilizing them in the lab before placing them back in the uterus. It's a promising option for those facing obstacles on the path to motherhood due to PCOS.

👉 Did you know? PCOS is the leading cause of female infertility!

3. Hyperandrogenism

Hyperandrogenism is also a symptom of PCOS. This occurs when there is an excess of male hormones, called androgens. These androgens are normally present in small amounts in the female body, but when they become excessive, they can cause a whole host of changes. This can manifest as acne, denser or more unusual hair growth, or even hair loss on the scalp.

However, there are ways to rebalance all of this with antiandrogens. They can help reduce hair growth, improve skin condition, and slow hair loss. Contraceptive pills, especially those designed to combat hyperandrogenism, can also be a solution, helping to regulate both menstrual cycles and androgen levels.

For skin-related issues like acne, topical treatments and skin care can play a supportive role, alongside medication. At Gapianne, our favorite treatment is the Oh My Periods facial, which helps combat hormonal acne .

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You can also make small lifestyle changes, such as eating a balanced diet and exercising. These tips are simple, yet they can really help improve symptoms.

4. Pain

Among the many aspects of PCOS, pain is often a common symptom. These pains, which vary in intensity and nature, occur primarily in the pelvic region. They often reflect the tumultuous activity of the ovaries, marked by the presence of cysts that can exert pressure or cause sporadic pain.

But that's not all. The cycle irregularities typical of PCOS can also lead to painful periods. And when an egg is released, which is less common in women with PCOS, ovulation itself can be painful, a phenomenon known as 'mittelschmerz'. Pain isn't the only symptom of ovulation !

That being said, these pains are not inevitable. There are solutions to manage them. For example, CBD oil from Équilibre , which is a real gem for pain thanks to its anti-inflammatory action. Combine it with Nidéco's Not My Problem oil for painful periods to precisely target the area where you have pain.

Also read: How to relieve period pain?

5. Polycystic patients

When we talk about polycystic ovaries, we often imagine a somewhat alarming situation, but in reality, it's a little less dramatic than it sounds. Polycystic ovaries are a typical feature of PCOS , but they are not the same as the classic ovarian cysts that can be encountered outside of this condition. "Polycystic" refers to a multitude of small, cyst-like follicles that are often arranged just below the surface of the ovary, giving a somewhat "string of pearls" appearance on ultrasound.

These follicles are actually developing eggs that haven't matured properly, unlike "typical" ovarian cysts, which are typically fluid-filled sacs that can form following ovulation. Ovarian cysts can come and go without much fuss, but PCOS follicles often stay put, contributing to hormonal imbalance.

From a clinical point of view, having polycystic ovaries is not a problem in itself, but they are a sign of the hormonal disorder PCOS . They do not require specific treatment if they are not accompanied by symptoms, but their presence can help diagnose PCOS.

In terms of management, treating PCOS as a whole can often reduce the number of these follicles and help restore some order to the ovulatory cycle. Options such as taking medications to stimulate ovulation or lifestyle changes for those who are overweight can help reduce the effects of polycystic ovaries.

6. Weight gain

With PCOS, weight can sometimes become a thorny issue. The link between PCOS, weight gain, and insulin resistance is quite close : Insulin is the hormone that helps our bodies use sugar from food for energy. But when the body resists the action of insulin, the sugar stays in the blood, and the body responds by producing even more insulin. And what happens? Elevated insulin encourages fat storage, especially around the belly.

So, how do you break this unfavorable cycle? Diet and exercise are your key allies. Eating a diet rich in fiber, low in sugar and processed foods can help manage blood sugar levels and therefore insulin. Add quality protein and healthy fats to support satiety and energy.

When it comes to sports, we aim for regular physical activity. It's not about becoming an Olympic athlete overnight, but rather about finding activities that you enjoy and can incorporate into your routine. Brisk walking, swimming, yoga, dancing... The important thing is to move, preferably every day.

Weight management with PCOS can be challenging, but with the right action plan and perhaps some help from a nutritionist or fitness coach, you can make great strides.

7. Mood disorders

Another symptom of PCOS is fluctuating moods. In fact, the link between PCOS and mood disorders is well documented . Hormonal imbalances can affect the neurotransmitters in your brain, and anxiety and depression can creep in without warning.

But the good news is that there are solutions to keep these mood disorders at bay. Psychological support can be a reassuring first step. Talking to a professional can help you navigate these sometimes murky waters. Behavioral or talk therapies can open doors to more stable emotional well-being.

Dietary supplements for PCOS are also natural solutions for rebalancing hormones. Miyé "Hormonal Disorder" supplements are a good choice. They help regulate emotional (mood, sleep, stress) and physical (hot flashes, cramps, hormonal acne, irregular cycles) imbalances linked to hormonal fluctuations.

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Symptoms evolve over the course of life

You may not have known this, but the symptoms of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) can evolve and vary throughout a woman's life. That's why it's important to be mindful of your body and learn about yourself. Here's a look at how PCOS symptoms typically progress over the course of a woman's life:

Puberty :

• Irregular periods: This is often one of the first signs of PCOS. Young women may have long, irregular, or absent menstrual cycles.
• Hyperandrogenism: Increased male hormones that can lead to excessive hair growth (hirsutism), acne, and sometimes hair loss (androgenetic alopecia).
• Weight problems: Weight gain or difficulty losing weight is common, often accompanied by insulin resistance.

Age of reproduction:

• Fertility Problems: Menstrual irregularities can lead to ovulation and fertility problems.
• Complications during pregnancy: Increased risk of complications such as gestational diabetes, hypertension, and preeclampsia.
• Metabolic symptoms: Increased risk of developing metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension.

Menopause:

• Cardiovascular risk: Increased risk of cardiovascular disease due to metabolic disorders.
• Persistent metabolic symptoms: Problems related to insulin resistance and being overweight may persist and worsen.
• Risk of endometrial cancer: Women with PCOS may have a slightly increased risk of endometrial cancer due to prolonged periods without menstruation (anovulation).
• Risk of type 2 diabetes

I think I have PCOS, what should I do?

If you suspect you have polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), it is crucial to consult a doctor for a PCOS diagnosis . The PCOS diagnosis process is not based solely on the symptoms observed; it requires a complete medical examination in order to provide you with the appropriate treatment, whether medical or natural . It is therefore important to make an appointment with your primary care physician who will help you in these steps.

Resources :

• World Health Organization (WHO): Symptoms of polycystic ovary syndrome .
• Inserm (National Institute of Health and Medical Research): Polycystic ovary syndrome .