Guide: Understanding, preventing and treating an irritated vulva

The vulva , the external part of the female genitals, is both a sensitive and resilient area. Nevertheless, many menstruating people around the world experience vulvar irritation at least once in their lives. These irritations, while common, can be a source of discomfort, itching, and sometimes pain. But what exactly causes these vulvar irritations ? Are there ways to prevent them, and if they do occur, how can they be effectively treated? In this article, we will explore in depth the causes, prevention methods, and treatments available for vulvar irritations.

Little reminders about what a vulva is

The term "vulva" is familiar to us, but what do we really know about it beyond that name? The lack of education about it in schools means that many people, whether they menstruate or not, have limited knowledge of the vulva. So let's take a moment to shed some light on this topic together!

What are the different parts of a vulva?

👉First, the vulva is the external part of the female genitalia. It is located between the pubis (the upper part) and the anus (the lower part). So far, so good. It's the rest that we know less about! The vulva is therefore not a single organ but is composed of several structures. Let's take a closer look!

The labia majora:

These are folds of skin and fat that protect the entire external genitalia. They can vary considerably in size, shape, and color from one woman to another. And note that their shapes and sizes are all OK!

The labia minora:

Located inside the labia majora, they have thinner skin and are generally more pigmented. They protect the entrance to the vagina and the urethra.

The clitoris:

It is the sensitive erectile organ that is mainly composed of spongy tissue. It is the main source of sexual pleasure for many women. The clitoris is covered by a fold of skin called the clitoral hood.

The vaginal opening (vaginal orifice):

This is the entrance to the vagina. In women who are not sexually active or before puberty, this opening is partially covered by the hymen, a thin membrane.

The opening of the urethra:

Located between the clitoris and the vaginal opening, it is through this orifice that urine is expelled from the body.

Bartholin's glands:

These small glands are located on either side of the vaginal opening. They produce a fluid that helps with lubrication during sexual intercourse.

What is the role of the vulva?

The vulva plays many roles, each one equally important!

First, it acts as a shield by protecting the internal reproductive organs from potential infections and/or external injuries.

The vulva is also central to the sensations we feel thanks to its many nerve endings, particularly the clitoris. It therefore plays a crucial role in female sexual pleasure! 🥵

Additionally, thanks to the glands it houses, such as the Bartholin glands, the vulva secretes lubricants that facilitate sexual intercourse and vaginal hydration. Thus, the vulva not only serves as an interface between the female body and the external environment, but it is also intimately linked to women's reproductive health and well-being.

The vulva is very fragile and requires special, gentle care. To do this, avoid douching or using harsh chemicals and irritants. We'll cover this in more detail later in the article.

What is vulvitis?

It is worth starting by mentioning what the term “ vulvitis ” (or “vulvo vaginitis” if it also affects the vagina) means. This term is commonly used to refer to inflammation of the vulva or irritation. It can affect any part of the vulva, including the labia (labia majora and labia minora), the clitoris, and the vaginal opening. However, it is important to know that not all vulvar irritation is necessarily vulvitis in the strict medical sense of the term and can stem from a variety of causes.

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The different causes of vulvar irritation

Understanding the causes of vulvar irritation is important in order to better prevent and treat it. Let's take a look at the different (and numerous) causes that can cause vulvar irritation.

1. Infections:

Mycoses (candidiasis):

Few women will never experience a yeast infection in their lifetime! These infections are mostly caused by the fungus Candida albicans . They often result in inflammation of the vulva accompanied by intense itching. The discharge can become thick, resembling curdled milk, and can sometimes be accompanied by a strong odor. (Be aware that taking antibiotics, having diabetes, or a weakened immune system can increase the risk of yeast infections.)

Eva Leaf's natural and organic spray offers an effective 100% natural solution. This soothing treatment instantly calms vulvar itching while limiting the proliferation of Candida albicans. Its formula with organic essential oils protects the balance of intimate flora while relieving uncomfortable symptoms.

Vaginal bacterial infection:

This bacterial imbalance in the vaginal flora occurs when "friendly" bacteria are outcompeted by "enemy" bacteria. Symptoms include white, often watery , discharge with a "fishy" odor. Vaginal bacterial infection can also increase the risk of other infections and complications, especially during pregnancy.

Genital herpes:

This viral infection is caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV). Initial symptoms may include a tingling or burning sensation before the appearance of small, painful, fluid-filled blisters. These blisters burst to form ulcers that can take several weeks to heal.

Trichomoniasis:

It is a sexually transmitted parasitic infection caused by a protozoan called Trichomonas vaginalis. Symptoms vary, but may include itching, burning , green or yellow, foul-smelling discharge, and sometimes pain during urination or intercourse.

Human papillomavirus (HPV):

There are over 100 types of HPV, but only a few can cause genital warts. This makes it difficult to detect this infection! These warts can be flat or cauliflower-shaped and vary in size. They can be itchy but are often painless. Some strains of HPV are also associated with types of cancer, including cervical cancer.

2. Vulvar dermatoses*

• Vulvar dermatoses refer to a group of skin conditions that specifically affect the vulvar region. They can be inflammatory, infectious, neoplastic, or otherwise.

Lichen sclerosus:

Lichen sclerosus is a chronic skin infection that primarily affects the genital area, including the vulva. It manifests as white patches that can coalesce and spread over time. These areas can become thin and fragile, leading to cracks, bruises, or bleeding, irritating the vulva.

Lichen plan

Lichen planus is characterized by itchy rashes, often purple in color or with skin lesions.

Dermatitis

Dermatitis is a skin reaction that occurs when the skin comes into contact with an irritant or allergen. As discussed earlier, this can be caused by a variety of products such as soaps, lotions, menstrual products, or contraceptives. The resulting symptoms include redness, itching, swelling, and, in some cases, peeling or blistering.

Eczema

Eczema is a chronic skin condition that causes dry, red, and itchy areas. While it can occur on various parts of the body, when it affects the vulva, the sensations can be particularly uncomfortable. Eczema triggers vary from person to person and can be related to factors such as stress, food, or (again) contact with certain allergens or irritants.

Psoriasis

Finally, psoriasis is a chronic skin disease characterized by an acceleration of the skin cell life cycle. This acceleration leads to the formation of thick, red, and scaly patches on the skin. Although psoriasis can affect many areas of the body, when it affects the vulva, it can cause itching, pain, or other forms of discomfort!

3. Hormonal imbalances

Hormonal fluctuations during the menstrual cycle

During the menstrual cycle, hormone levels, including estrogen and progesterone, fluctuate. These hormonal fluctuations can affect vaginal pH and secretion production, which in some women can cause dryness or, conversely, increased wetness, as well as itching or discomfort in the vulvar area . These changes can also make the vulvar area more sensitive to external irritants, such as hygiene products.

Pregnancy

During pregnancy, a woman undergoes many hormonal, vascular, and immune system changes. These changes can increase the sensitivity of the vulva . For example, increased blood circulation can lead to swelling and increased sensitivity of the vulva . Additionally, hormonal changes can alter vaginal pH, making some pregnant women more susceptible to infections such as candidiasis, which can cause itching and irritation. Finally, the stretching of the vulvar skin as the belly grows can also cause discomfort.

Vulvovaginal atrophy due to menopause

Vulvovaginal atrophy is a common symptom of menopause. It is caused by the decrease in estrogen levels that occurs during this time in a woman's life. This hormonal decline leads to thinning and dryness of the vaginal lining, which can make the vulva more susceptible to irritation, itching, and burning sensations. Additionally, this can lead to painful intercourse.

4. Chemical irritants:

Feminine hygiene products

The female intimate area has a delicate microbial balance , and douching can disrupt this balance by eliminating beneficial bacteria. Sprays and wipes, although marketed as hygiene products, can contain chemicals and fragrances that irritate or dry out the sensitive skin of the vulva. Choose gentle and, above all, natural products. A quick wash with clean water is recommended.

Soaps and shower gels

These products, especially those that are perfumed or contain harsh agents, can alter the natural pH of the vulva and therefore cause irritation or itching by destabilizing the balance of the vaginal flora. It is recommended to use gentle, unscented cleansers for the intimate area.

Detergents or fabric softeners

Chemical residues left on clothing by certain detergents or fabric softeners can come into contact with the vulva and cause irritation. For those who are particularly sensitive, we recommend choosing hypoallergenic or natural detergents and rinsing underwear thoroughly.

Intimate perfumes and deodorants

Although they are becoming less common in our daily lives (thankfully), they are designed for the intimate area and may contain chemicals and perfumes that are not suitable for the delicate skin of the vulva . Using them regularly can also cause dryness, itching and irritation. Avoid them if you want a healthy vulva!

5. Allergic reactions:

Topical products (creams, ointments)

Using topical products on the vulva, whether creams, ointments, or other treatments, can sometimes cause irritation. We're all different, and not all products are right for your skin. Some people may experience allergic reactions or may be more sensitive to active ingredients, preservatives, fragrances, or other components.

💡Little tip: Before applying a product to the entire area, it is recommended to test a small amount on a limited portion of the skin (the wrist for example) to check for any reaction. If irritation occurs, it is best to discontinue use of the product and consult a healthcare professional.

Latex

Beware of condoms, which can be irritating for some vulvas! Latex is a commonly used material in the manufacture of condoms. However, some people may be allergic or sensitive to latex, which can lead to irritation, redness, itching, or even more severe reactions when exposed. In these cases, it is recommended to use condoms made from alternative materials, such as polyurethane or polyisoprene, which are generally well tolerated by people with latex allergies.

Menstrual protection

And yes, tampons and sanitary pads can cause irritation ! This is often due to the chemicals, perfumes, or materials used in their manufacture. Additionally, prolonged wear of these products, especially in humid conditions, can create an environment conducive to bacterial or fungal growth. To reduce the risk of irritation, it is recommended to change your tampon or pad regularly, choose unscented products, and, if possible, opt for organic cotton versions or other more natural and skin-friendly alternatives. Discover all our healthy menstrual protection for the outside and inside of the body. And if you're wondering which menstrual protection to choose , check out our article!

6. Trauma

Rubbing of clothes

Wearing tight clothing or underwear can cause constant friction, which can lead to vulvar irritation, redness, and itching, especially underwear made from synthetic materials that don't allow for proper ventilation of the intimate area. This can promote perspiration and bacterial or fungal growth, leading to imbalances in the vaginal flora. We strongly recommend choosing cotton underwear, which allows for better breathability!

Hair removal or shaving

Waxing and shaving pubic hair can irritate the vulva. Ingrown hairs, cuts, wax burns, or allergic reactions to hair removal products are common. Additionally, shaving can make the skin in the intimate area more vulnerable to infection because it creates tiny scratches that can allow bacteria to penetrate. To minimize irritation, it's recommended to always use a shaving gel or foam, shave in the direction of hair growth, and exfoliate regularly to prevent ingrown hairs.

7. Environmental factors

Frequent hot baths

Hot baths, especially when taken regularly, can disrupt the natural balance of vaginal flora. Prolonged heat and humidity can disrupt the vaginal ecosystem, potentially promoting the growth of bacteria or fungi. Additionally, using scented products or bath salts in hot water can also irritate the sensitive skin of the vulva.

Chlorinated pools or jacuzzis

Chlorine is commonly used in swimming pools and hot tubs to eliminate bacteria and keep the water clean. However, this chemical can be irritating to vulvar skin. Repeated or prolonged exposure to chlorinated water can dry out the vulvar skin, making it more susceptible to irritation. Additionally, the pH of chlorinated water may differ from that of the vaginal area, which can also cause imbalances.

Drugs

Some medications have side effects that can affect vulvovaginal health. For example, some treatments can cause vaginal dryness, making the area more susceptible to irritation. Other medications can affect vaginal pH , which can alter the balance of naturally occurring bacteria and fungi, increasing the risk of infections and irritation. It is essential for women to discuss with their doctor the potential side effects of any medication they are taking, especially if they notice changes in their vulvovaginal health.

Factors related to sexuality:

Insufficient lubrication during intercourse

Natural vaginal lubrication is essential for comfortable intercourse. When this lubrication is insufficient, whether due to hormonal fluctuations, medications, insufficient arousal, or other factors, friction during intercourse can cause microtrauma to the vulva and vagina. This trauma can lead to pain, burning, itching, and irritation. For some women, this lack of lubrication can be recurrent and may require the use of personal lubricants to avoid discomfort during intercourse.

🌈 For safe and effective lubrication, My Lubie water-based lubricant is one of the safest for the health of your intimate area. It also has moisturizing and soothing properties and is free of irritating chemicals.

Post-coital irritations

Vulvar irritation after sex, also known as postcoital irritation, can occur for a variety of reasons. In addition to the aforementioned insufficient lubrication, allergic or sensitive reactions to products used during sex (such as lubricants, latex condoms, or spermicides) can also cause irritation. Additionally, intense or prolonged sexual activity, even with adequate lubrication, can sometimes cause irritation due to repeated friction. Symptoms can range from mild redness to more intense burning or itching.

🌈 To relieve your irritations, Womanology's perineum & vulva pain and dryness oil is perfect!

What are the symptoms of vulvar irritation?

We've just mentioned some symptoms of an irritated vulva, but these symptoms are numerous and can manifest in many ways. Let's take a look at a comprehensive list.

• Itching (pruritus): often the first and most common symptom experienced.

• Redness: The skin of the vulva may appear red or even purple depending on the intensity of the irritation.

• Swelling (edema): The vulva may be swollen or thickened.

• Burning or pain: especially during urination or sexual intercourse.

• Dryness or roughness of the skin: Sometimes the skin may become dry or flaky.

• Peeling or flaking: The skin may peel, especially if it is very dry or affected by a dermatitis.

• Abnormal vaginal discharge: change in color, odor, or consistency, especially if infected.

• Sores, cracks or ulcers: Small cuts or open areas may develop, particularly in cases of infections or certain dermatological conditions.

• Vesicles or pustules: These are small blisters or pimples filled with fluid or pus, often associated with viral infections such as herpes.

• Warm or tingling sensation: The area may feel warm or have a tingling sensation.

• Increased sensitivity:

  the area may become hypersensitive to touch, pressure, or heat.

• Color changes:

  Skin may become lighter or darker in response to chronic irritation or inflammation.

Should you worry about vulvitis? Is it serious?

Now that we know that vulvitis can be caused by a variety of factors, including infections (like candidiasis), irritations (like from hygiene products), allergies, or other medical causes, should we be worried? Is it serious? We'll answer your questions!

👉 Generally speaking, vulvitis is not considered a serious condition , however, it can cause considerable discomfort. Most vulvitis can be treated quickly and successfully with topical treatments or changes in hygiene habits. But if vulvitis is not treated in a timely manner, it can lead to complications, such as secondary infections due to scratches or a breakdown of the skin barrier. In rare cases, persistent inflammation that is left untreated can lead to more serious complications.

It is important to consult a professional in the following cases:

• When symptoms are severe or last longer than expected.
• When symptoms recur frequently.
• When vulvitis is accompanied by other unusual symptoms, such as foul-smelling vaginal discharge, ulcers, or unexpected bleeding.
• When usual treatments do not provide relief.

Although most vulvitis is benign and treatable, it is essential to pay attention to your body and not hesitate to consult a healthcare professional!

How can we prevent these irritations?

Irritation and itching are unpleasant, and in many cases, they can be avoided. So, to effectively prevent them, there are a few best practices to know!

Choose cotton clothing:

Cotton fabrics are particularly suitable for underwear because they allow the skin to breathe. Unlike synthetic materials, cotton absorbs moisture while ensuring good air circulation, thus reducing the risk of dampness and bacterial growth, two major factors of irritation.

Avoid tight clothing:

Clothing that is too tight, such as some jeans or leggings, can put constant pressure on the vulva, causing friction that, over time, can lead to irritation. It is recommended to alternate with looser clothing to allow the intimate area to breathe.

Bring a change of underwear:

Staying in wet clothing, such as a swimsuit, after swimming creates a humid environment that is conducive to irritation and infection. Remember to change quickly into dry clothing to maintain a healthy intimate area.

Avoid scented products:

As we mentioned several times throughout the article, many feminine hygiene products, such as sprays, douches, and wipes, contain chemicals (perfumes, additives) that can irritate the most sensitive intimate areas. It is strongly recommended to avoid these types of products!

🌈 If you're a fan of intimate wipes, My Lubie's biodegradable wipes are perfect for your vulva. They contain Aloe Vera, Orange Blossom, and Cranberry, 99.6% naturally derived ingredients to care for your intimate areas.

Avoid douching:

Although douching may seem like a "cleaner" solution, it can disrupt the balance of the vagina's natural flora, leading to infections and irritation.

👉 Did you know that the vaginal area naturally cleans itself? The vagina has natural self-cleaning mechanisms. Thanks to its bacterial flora, mainly composed of Lactobacillus, and its secretions, it maintains an acidic pH and removes dead cells and harmful bacteria. This is why it is not recommended to use vaginal douches or internal cleansers, as they can disrupt this balance. For optimal hygiene, simply clean the external area with water and, if necessary, a mild soap.

Be careful when shaving:

As we've seen, trauma to the vulva can increase the risk of irritation or infection. Shaving the intimate area therefore requires special care to avoid cuts and irritation. To do this, remember to use a clean, sharp blade and shave in the direction of hair growth to minimize risks.

Avoid sexual intercourse if irritation occurs:

If you experience irritation or discomfort, it may be best to avoid sexual intercourse until the area is completely healed. This will help prevent further irritation and give the skin time to regenerate.

🌈To pamper your vulva, Baûbo's vulva balm will become your best companion! With its intense hydration, it will be your solution to soothe and alleviate the daily discomforts related to your vulva.

How to relieve vulvar irritation?

Now that we've seen how to prevent these risks, let's see how to relieve the symptoms associated with vulvar irritation.

Natural remedies:

Hygiene and gentle cleansing

We can't stress this enough, but choose a gentle, fragrance-free cleanser that's natural and specifically designed for the intimate area. Remember to dry thoroughly, gently patting with a soft cloth, rather than rubbing.

🌈At Gapianne, we fell in love with Jho's organic intimate cleansing gel . In addition to its intoxicating orange blossom scent, this shea butter-based treatment has a pH adapted to your vulva, which allows it to be cleaned without unbalancing this area. It's very gentle, try it!

Apply aloe vera gel:

Aloe vera gel is known for its soothing properties. Apply it directly to irritated skin as a treatment or lubricant during sex. Just make sure it doesn't contain any additives or irritating ingredients!

🌈If you are looking for a natural and moisturizing lubricant, Miyé aloe vera-based lubricant is THE lubricant for you!

Try probiotics:

To help restore and maintain vaginal flora balance, consider taking probiotics in capsule or cream form. They can be particularly helpful in preventing and treating infections, such as candidiasis, which can sometimes be the cause of irritation.

🌈If you regularly suffer from yeast infections, Miyé's swallowable probiotics , specifically designed to strengthen vaginal flora, can help reduce their occurrence. For even greater effectiveness, you can combine it with Miyé's moisturizing intimate gel with prebiotics and probiotics. Say goodbye to nasty yeast infections that make life unpleasant!

Take a sitz bath with warm water:

To soothe irritation, immerse the affected area in a warm water bath for 10 to 15 minutes. This method is simple and natural but can provide great relief.

Use a cold compress:

Applying a cold compress to the irritated area can provide temporary relief by reducing inflammation and slightly numbing the area. We highly recommend it! Be careful, however, not to leave your intimate area wet; remember to dry it thoroughly.

For fast and effective relief, Jolly Mama's hot and cold pack is ideal! Applied cold, it reduces inflammation, gently numbs the irritated area, and instantly soothes perineal pain. Versatile, it can also be used for heavy legs, sleep disorders, and yeast infections.

Creams and gels:

Soothing creams and gels:

To alleviate discomfort, many soothing vulvar creams and gels are formulated with natural ingredients known for their beneficial properties. In addition to aloe vera, which moisturizes and conditions the skin, these creams and gels may contain chamomile, calendula, or vitamin E, all known for their ability to soothe, nourish, and protect delicate skin. It's essential to choose products free from irritating fragrances and additives, and always check the ingredient list to ensure it's suitable for your skin type and specific needs.

🌈At Gapianne, we really like Miyé's anti-itch & dryness intimate gel, made with aloe vera, to moisturize and soften the vulva. It is very effective against intimate dryness.

Consult a healthcare professional

Consulting a professional when treating vulvar irritation is essential. Not only does this ensure an accurate diagnosis, avoiding inappropriate treatments that could worsen the situation, but it also allows for the rapid identification of various causes, whether it's simple mechanical irritation or more serious infections. It's important to have an informed medical opinion. Furthermore, seeking the expertise of a professional provides you with important information about vulvar health and ensures appropriate and reassuring care.

Tired of vulvar irritation? Discover our routines for a healthy vulva

At Gapianne, we aim to offer you a caring and safe environment dedicated to your intimate issues. Our goal? To provide you with solutions that are tailored to your body and respect your health. Faced with the discomforts associated with vulvar irritation, we've developed specific routines tailored to the various causes of this problem. Discover them!

Routine for vaginal dryness

To combat intimate dryness, adopt these 3 steps: cleanse, moisturize, lubricate and find more comfort every day.

This routine is composed of a cleansing treatment to gently cleanse, a gel to moisturize and rebalance, and an oil to lubricate and nourish your intimate area.

Anti-itch and discomfort routine

To avoid discomfort, we've gathered together the must-have natural products to care for your vulva and prevent irritation. Hydration and respecting your skin's pH should be at the heart of your concerns.